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There has been some recent news coverage on the Tesoro Refinery’s planned expansion in the City of Carson. Since the beginning of the project, several community members in Carson have expressed various environmental concerns. Both the Carson Tesoro refinery and Paramount’s hexavalent chromium air quality concerns pose environmental challenges, which are unique to their specific situations. While the challenges are quite different, how these cities are responding have their own distinct merits. The following is an attempt to outline those key differences.

This is just a brief comparison of the two situations. Should you have further questions or comments, we encourage you to write to us via our Contact page.

According to the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), the sample for Site #19 on May 1st was not collected: it was used for an off-schedule sample that was collected on May 3rd. Due to the off-schedule sample on May 3rd, the typical May 4th sample was not collected. The normal schedule for sampling will resume on May 7th. SCAQMD is preparing another sampler so they do not have to alter the schedule for Site #19 to collect on off-schedule sample in the future.

Additionally, the portable City samplers should not have been marked on the ambient data spreadsheet. They will be removed, as the City monitor would not have been at Site #19 after the initial sample. The portable samplers are being implemented into the rotation of SCAQMD samplers. The agency will clarify this on their Expanded Monitoring Data and Map spreadsheet.

In general, the uptake of metals by plants is not expected to pose a health risk hazard to consumers. However, the accumulation of metals on the outside of garden foods is more difficult to predict. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health recommends washing of all foods, as well as hand-washing, to remove any residual soil. For more information, please refer to “Soil and Water Testing Guidelines for Home and Community Gardens.”

When the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) began their investigation into the elevated levels of hexavalent chromium found by their long-term air quality monitoring efforts, the City of Paramount provided a list of metal-related businesses to assist the District in identifying the source of the carcinogen. Metal-related businesses were defined as: grinding, sanding, plating, electroplating, welding, deburring, heating, heat treating, straightening, forming, machining, cutting, rolling, pressing, forging, fabricating, polishing, milling, swaging, cooling, conversion coating, anodizing, passivation, and spray-coating operations.

This list, taken from Paramount’s permit database, contained 86 facilities located throughout the city. SCAQMD then added businesses of various types to this list of entities so as to inspect all facilities within their jurisdiction. These additions included businesses near Aerocraft Heat Treating and Anaplex Corporation, regardless of whether the business was metal-related, as well as businesses identified by community members who discovered these facilities primarily through Internet searches for metal-related businesses noted to be in the city. Further, the list grew as SCAQMD added facilities by identifying them through permits issued in Paramount for metal-related businesses. As a result of combining all these sources of information, the list of entities to be inspected grew to a total of 194 facilities and businesses. Hence, when SCAQMD states that they had investigated 194 businesses, this means that the District reviewed a list of 194 business entities that had been assembled from several sources and not all of which were metal-related.

Many of these 194 properties/businesses that were reviewed by SCAQMD were found to be either out of business, not located in Paramount, or not involved in metal-related activities. For example, SCAQMD and City Staff determined the following thirteen businesses were no longer operating: Hanks Sheet Metal, JM Metal Polishing, California Precision Deburring, Leavitts Metal Finishing, Luisteel Welding, Western Integrated Materials, Rosenberg Metals, United Sheet Metal, Aluminum Interior Moldings, El Tigre Metal Polish, Best Western Rolling, and E.S. Scales/Somerset Steel.

After extensive investigation, City Staff removed from the list all businesses that were not metal-related, any duplicate listings, and the entities that were no longer operating, listed above. The final number of metal-related facilities licensed to do business in Paramount totals 85, which amounts to 3% of total business licenses issued in the city. Of the 85 businesses, the City and SCAQMD determined that 68 of those businesses do not require SCAQMD permits for metal-related operations (examples include metal dealers, metal screw sales shops, metal supply shops, metal etching companies). To be clear, these businesses may have an SCAQMD permit for a backup generator or other equipment unrelated to metal processing.

The remaining 17 facilities require SCAQMD permits for metal-related processing (as of February 16, 2017).

To summarize: 194 names or locations were added onto a list assembled from multiple sources that was reviewed by SCAQMD; each name or address was investigated. After the investigation was completed, it was determined that there are 85 metal-related businesses in the city limits of Paramount. Of those 85 metal-related businesses, 68 do not require any permits from SCAQMD for metal-related processing. In total, 17 businesses do require SCAQMD permitting for metal-related work.

SCAQMD has indicated that those monitors will remain in place throughout the enforcement period associated with the abatement orders that have been entered into by Anaplex and Aerocraft heat Treating. This is likely to be between one to two years.

Based upon additional scientific evidence and business conditions at the time that SCAQMD concludes that ongoing monitoring is no longer required to enforce their abatement order, the City of Paramount may step in as needed to sustain the monitoring in these areas to provide additional public confidence and oversight on air quality concerns in this area of the city.

The District and the City are two separate government agencies but share a long history of cooperating to address community challenges. Neither the District nor the City are experts in air quality matters, and both of these organizations rely on the expertise of environmental regulators to provide information and enforcement on air quality. The City is supportive of all testing that SCAQMD is seeking, especially when it concerns testing the air near our schools.

The City’s water supply is deep underground at nearly 1,200 feet. That is supplemented by imported water from the Metropolitan Water District that most typically comes from the Colorado River or Northern California. In all such cases, the likelihood of hexavalent chromium entering the water supply is very low.

The water is tested for hexavalent chromium levels every three years as part of the Federal water quality standards. At no point in the history of testing Paramount water supply has hexavalent chromium been found above acceptable trace amounts. However, in light of recent events related to hexavalent chromium emissions and out of an abundance of caution, the City is testing hexavalent chromium levels in the City’s water supply more frequently to ensure the water supply is not being impacted by hexavalent chromium emissions.

Test results from December 2016 are posted on paramountenvironment.com and can be found here: Hexavalent Chromium Test Results.

Update 9/14/17: The City has been testing its water supply for hexavalent chromium on a monthly basis since December 2016. Test results for each month, which have shown that there is no danger from hexavalent chromium in the supply, can be found on the Hexavalent Chromium Test Results page.

Yes. While SCAQMD is the lead agency for air regulation, there are many other established regulatory agencies (Federal, State, and Local) whose laws and rules apply to businesses. Agencies that can play a part in regulating businesses for issues related to various pollutants and toxins include: the Federal Environmental Protection Agency, California Environmental Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board, State Water Resources Control Board, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, Los Angeles County Fire Department, and Los Angeles County Department of Public Health.

SCAQMD is conducting a systematic air monitoring program throughout Paramount to determine if there are other sources of hexavalent chromium emissions. SCAQMD also will be monitoring for a wide range of metal emissions in selected industrial areas.In addition to this, SCAQMD is monitoring in residential areas and at some schools. Lastly, for long-range monitoring, the City is planning to purchase air monitors to be set up and tested by SCAQMD. Details on that program are still pending, including details on the costs of the program and effort.

Update 9/14/17: After detecting elevated levels of hexavalent chromium in Paramount and taking actions to lower them, SCAQMD widened their monitoring efforts to the nearby cities of Compton and Long Beach. As a result of this regional approach, SCAQMD detected elevated readings being emitted from Lubeco Inc. (6859 Downey Avenue) in Long Beach. Although Lubeco is located in north Long Beach, the facility is close to the city borders of Paramount and near Paramount’s Mokler Elementary School and Alondra Middle School. Lubeco utilizes chromic acid anodizing. SCAQMD filed a petition for an order for abatement against the company on July 21.

The discovery of these high cr6 numbers in Long Beach, along with a general increase in cr6 levels throughout Paramount from July 12 through 18, plus recent findings in Compton, suggest a regional trend rather than a localized one.

In an effort to monitor for any spikes, the City purchased and deployed five new air quality samplers in May 2017, aided by the expertise of SCAQMD. The devices are currently supplementing the agency’s network of active monitors for identifying sources of hexavalent chromium emissions.

Late October 2016. As background, in late summer of 2016, SCAQMD staff reported in a Town Hall meeting the results from long-term air monitoring in another area of town that found slightly elevated readings of hexavalent chromium during the first few months of 2016. This prompted SCAQMD to deploy further air monitors in other areas of the industrial sector to identify the sources of hexavalent chromium emissions. In late October 2016, two of these monitors found the extremely high levels referenced in an earlier question. At that point, SCAQMD notified, and sought assistance from, Paramount staff on November 4, 2016. Paramount staff immediately provided the venue for the first Town Hall meeting that was held on Wednesday, November 9, 2016. Paramount staff has worked, and continues to work, with the SCAQMD by providing assistance and resources to them and all other regulatory agencies that have become involved in addressing and resolving the hexavalent chromium issue.

The City has taken numerous actions including adopting a moratorium on new metal-related businesses and expansion of existing businesses, and continues to partner closely with SCAQMD on a daily basis.

The City has launched a new information website, paramountenvironment.com that provides links and information on a full array of environmental questions, as well as links to other resources. Additionally, the SCAQMD website (www.aqmd.gov) has a lot of information specific to air quality, including test results from the various monitoring stations and updates on enforcements actions. You can also dial into a public conference call that AQMD hosts on the fourth Tuesday night of each month at 6:30PM. The number is 866.244.8528 Access Code: 4063768.

Lastly, you can visit the California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA)’s page dedicated to this issue (www.calepa.ca.gov/enforcement/paramount/) for an overview of the work of the various state and local agency partners to address pollution concerns in Paramount.

The City adopted a 45-day moratorium on all new metal-related businesses in town on December 13, 2016. This means that no new metal-related businesses can open up in town until the City Council lifts this ban or it expires. Also, no existing metal-related businesses in town can expand while the ban is in place. The initial 45-day period is mandated by State law. The City Council can extend the moratorium for up to 22 months and five days.

Update 9/14/17: On July 18, 2017, the City Council extended the moratorium, which will now expire on November 25, 2018 and will have lasted 24 months, the longest period allowed by law. For a more comprehensive list of the City’s actions, please see this informational brochure or view our Monthly Update page, which gives snapshots of actions and top stories for each month since November 2016.

According to State law, the SCAQMD has sole jurisdiction to adopt and enforce local air quality laws. The California Air Resources Board and the United States Environmental Protection Agency also adopt and enforce state and federal standards. Nonetheless, the City has played an active role in partnering with SCAQMD in order to enable the agency to move as fast as possible and is working to provide timely and accurate information to residents to help them understand the issues. Because the City has not been responsible for air quality, it has not had expertise in air quality issues. However, this issue has raised broader questions about environmental quality and the City Council has directed City Staff to explore a long-term strategy for monitoring environmental quality factors and supporting policies that will facilitate cleaner jobs in our community.

The City also adopted a 45-day moratorium on all new metal-related businesses in town on December 13, 2016. This means that no new metal-related businesses can open up or expand in town until the City Council lifts this ban or it expires. The City Council can extend the moratorium for up to 18 months.

Update 9/14/17: SCAQMD is the primary agency for regulating air quality in southern California; their years of research and rule development have made them the foremost experts in the matter. The City of Paramount does not nearly have the same scientific background to adequately take on the law-making process – nor does any other city in the state. As such, the City has decided to follow the recommendations of both SCAQMD and other regulating agencies who have greater expertise.

Beyond this cooperative partnership that has been established between all relevant agencies, the City has also: engaged a top-quality environmental consultant, declared a moratorium on new or expanding metal-related businesses, formed an Air Quality Sub Committee to create or modify zoning laws, launched an innovative new business license review process with SCAQMD, built an environmental website to provide transparency, purchased air samplers to add 20% more capacity to monitoring efforts, performed monthly testing for hexavalent chromium in the water supply, and joined DTSC and LA County Public Health in soil testing near known emitters.

SCAQMD is conducting a systematic air monitoring program throughout Paramount to determine if there are other sources of hexavalent chromium emissions. SCAQMD also will be monitoring for a wide range of metal emissions in selected industrial areas.

The City of Paramount assisted the SCAQMD and LA County Fire in sweeping 190 (as of 12/20/16) businesses in town to review their operations, permit status and reporting paperwork to ensure the businesses were fully compliant with various environmental laws. Of these, 143 businesses have been determined to not require permits or the businesses were in compliance. Additional follow up inspections and enforcement actions are happening.

Update 9/14/17: The City of Paramount provided a list of all metal-related businesses within its borders to SCAQMD, which was supplemented by outside research and SCAQMD’s list of facilities identified through their permit database. After an extensive investigation to verify which facilities on the combined list were still in operation, and were actually in the metal-emitting category, City staff identified 17 businesses that require SCAQMD permits for metal-emitting processing. These businesses are listed below:

1. Carlton Forge Works (Forging)
2. Weber Metals, Inc. (Forging)
3. Press Forge Co. (Forging)
4. Mattco Forge Inc. (Forging)
5. Ace Clearwater Enterprises (Forming)
6. Aerocraft Heat Treating Co. (Heat Treating)
7. Castle Metals (Heat Treating)
8. Golden State Engineering (Machine Shop)
9. M & N Manufacturing (Machine Shop)
10. Fenico Precision Castings, Inc. (Manufacturing)
11. International Metal Trading Inc and CM Metal & Alloys (Manufacturing)
12. Procast Industries (Manufacturing)
13. Paramount Metal & Supply Co. (Manufacturing)
14. Wagner Plate Works West Inc. (Plating)
15. Anaplex Corporation (Plating)
16. Goldstar Wire Wheels (Polishing)
17. S.T. & I. Inc. (Polishing)

In regards to Aerocraft, the company and SCAQMD agreed to an administrative order, known as an Order for Abatement, that was adopted by the independent SCAQMD Hearing Board on Dec. 16. The enforceable order requires Aerocraft to immediately take 22 actions to reduce chromium 6 emissions.  In addition, if SCAQMD air monitors detect an outdoor level of hexavalent chromium above 1.0 nanograms per cubic meter, as determined by three samples, the company must shut down all equipment that could emit the cancer-causing compound.

In regards to Anaplex, the company declined to enter into an immediately enforceable administrative order. As a result, SCAQMD sought a court order to require them to immediately comply with the same conditions as those required of Aerocraft in order to protect the health of Paramount residents.  The Court ruled against SCAQMD. However, SCAQMD will return to the Independent Hearing Board on January 5, 2017 in attempt to force Anaplex into compliance.

Update 9/14/17: Both Aerocraft and Anaplex have agreed to stipulated Orders for Abatement as of December 16, 2016 and January 11, 2017, respectively. The two abatement orders are currently in effect, with both parties having returned before the SCAQMD Hearing Board to update the agency and the public on the orders’ effectiveness.

The abatement orders for both companies are very similar: each facility was required to immediately take a number of actions to reduce their hexavalent chromium levels. Further, if SCAQMD air monitors near either company detected an average level of hexavalent chromium above 1.0 nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3) over the course of three samples, the company in question was to be placed in curtailment and shut down all equipment that could emit the carcinogen.

Since January 2017, Aerocraft has been placed into curtailment a total of four times with the last time being March 17, 2017. Anaplex has been placed into curtailment twice with the last time being July 23.

Additionally, SCAQMD issued a stipulated Order for Abatement to Lubeco Inc. (6859 Downey Avenue) in north Long Beach on August 24, 2017, after finding elevated levels of hexavalent chromium being emitted from the facility. The abatement order is comparable to those of Aerocraft and Anaplex.

Most likely. SCAQMD found two businesses it believed to be the primary sources: Aerocraft Heat Treating and Anaplex Corporation.

No. At this time, SCAQMD monitors located in other parts of the City have measured hexavalent chromium at levels above typical background concentrations for our region, but much lower than those recorded in some industrial areas. For instance, the SCAQMD monitor located at the PUSD Administrative Offices (corner of Somerset and California) had an average measurement of 0.15 nanograms per cubic meter over the last year. The SCAQMD monitor at Salud Park (corner of Somerset and Texaco) had measurements less than 0.25 nanograms per cubic meter over a two-week period. The SCAQMD monitor located at the edge of the City’s industrial core (corner of Vermont and Madison) had measurements less than 0.5 nanograms per cubic meter over a two-month period.

Update 9/14/17: SCAQMD discovered elevated levels of hexavalent chromium in southern Paramount in Spring 2017. However, these levels are not at 350 times the typical level. SCAQMD is currently investigating the source of these levels and will implement similar rules and procedures to lower emissions.

There is no defined acceptable level of hexavalent chromium emissions. The acceptable health risk for a given area is subject to many factors such as wind direction, wind speed, distance to the closest sensitive receptors (schools, residents, day care facilities, medical facilities), other toxic chemical compounds (TACs) emitting from the same facility, how many other facilities are proximate to the given area, and other factors. The determination of an acceptable level of hexavalent chromium in the specific case of Anaplex and Aerocraft, determined that 1 ng/m3 is good enough based on their own health risk assessment (HRA).

On a more general basis, in terms of concentration and sustained exposure CalEPA’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has calculated a cancer risk associated with exposure to Cr6 (hexavalent chromium) if that exposure continues for an entire lifetime. Continual exposure to 0.045 nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3) of Cr6 from all sources combined for 30 years could increase cancer risk to 25 in a million. Exposure over shorter periods of time would be associated with much lower cancer risks. OEHHA has also developed a chronic Reference Exposure Level (REL) for Cr6. A chronic REL is a health-based benchmark that is set at a level at or below which adverse noncancer health effects are unlikely to occur in the general human population when exposed continuously over a lifetime. Levels above the REL do not indicate the health effects will occur, but rather, that the chances of these health effects occurring increase at levels above the REL. Non-cancer health effects associated with Cr6 include nasal, throat, or respiratory irritation or allergies. The chronic REL for Cr6 is 200 ng/m3 in air (0.2 μg/m3). Please see a fact sheet by OEHHA dated November 9, 2016 for more details.

The common reference used is nanograms per cubic meter as represented by ng/m3 (nanograms per cubed meter). This is the value that SCAQMD uses to report on the level of hexavalent chromium identified by air monitors that have been positioned around the City.

Hexavalent chromium and total chromium emissions from chrome plating and anodizing equipment are measured by the SCAQMD METHOD 205.1 using a wet impingement train. For more details, please visit this link [PDF].

The typical level for hexavalent chromium across the entire 4-County region monitored by SCAQMD is 0.06 nanograms per cubic meter. The level measured in Compton (the closest permanent SCAQMD monitoring station to Paramount) during the most recent region-wide study of air toxics was at 0.11 nanograms per cubic meter, which is more typical of our general location in a highly urbanized area.

In the City’s industrial area.  One monitor was located at Garfield Avenue and Madison Street and the other was located at Minnesota Avenue and Madison Street.

No and No. In late October/early November, the highest levels of hexavalent chromium were found within three samples taken from two air quality monitors in the industrial section of town. Since then, hexavalent chromium levels at these locations have declined, but still are much higher than typical levels for our area. Further, other monitors in the industrial zone continue to be at unacceptably elevated levels for our area.

Additional sampling from around town indicate that the extremely elevated levels of hexavalent chromium are limited to a tight area within the industrial zone. Regardless of location, any elevated level of hexavalent chromium or other toxins are unacceptable. SCAQMD has continued to test additional sections of the City to ensure elevated hexavalent chromium levels are geographically limited. The City will also be looking at further testing options to confirm that high levels are not being detected in residential zones while supporting regulatory authorities to reduce hexavalent chromium sources no matter the zone.

Update 9/14/17: Elevated levels of hexavalent chromium have been found in southern Paramount. However, these levels are not at 350 times the typical level of 0.11 ng/m3 for our area. SCAQMD is currently investigating the source of these levels and will implement similar rules and procedures to lower emissions.

Long-term exposure over years or decades to hexavalent chromium can increase the likelihood of cancer, particularly lung cancer.

Hexavalent chromium (also known as chrome 6) is a metal and is one type of air pollution that can cause negative health effects. Chrome 6 is a known human carcinogen. Chrome 6 does NOT have an odor. You can read more about hexavalent chromium on the Centers for Disease Control website: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hexchrom/

FACT:

At that time, SCAQMD was investigating only Carlton Forge Works, and for elevated levels of nickel and cadmium. The City was kept informed of that investigation. In the summer of 2016, SCAQMD did present data to the City and the community-at-large of hexavalent chromium readings that were above background levels around Carlton Forge but expressed no immediate concerns about this information. Never during this time did SCAQMD identify Aerocraft or Press Forge as being responsible for elevated levels of hexavalent chromium. SCAQMD also presented a plan to expand their air monitoring to other parts of the industrial sector, leading the City to hire a consultant to help staff understand the science behind the investigation. SCAQMD then discovered very high levels of hexavalent chromium in late October 2016. This was the first time the City learned about these very high levels. In late November of 2016, SCAQMD identified Aerocraft as one source of these levels and began its process of forcing the company to comply with air quality regulations and laws.

FACT:

In 1996, the Paramount Planning Commission examined the idea of a transferring a plot of land, less than one acre, on Ohio Avenue to Carlton Forge, who was asking to expand onto the land, which was adjacent to its facility.

“Ohio Park,” as the area was called, was located north of Jefferson Street and south of Adams Street, and very close to nearby Village Park. It had previously been an unused street that was converted to an unimproved green space with no park amenities.

The City conceived a plan that would create a new park in another part of town, a densely populated area that was lacking open space, with the funding coming from Carlton Forge Works. Consequently, the City Council voted to vacate the Ohio property, turn it over to the company, and Carlton Forge Works then paid $256,000 to the City for land acquisition.

As a result, the City developed Garfield Park, located on the corner of Garfield Avenue and Petrol Street, thus providing a better distribution in town of walkable park space for residents.

To view the staff report from the City Council meeting, please click/tap here.

To view the City Council meeting minutes, please click/tap here.

FACT:

The City of Paramount and Carlton Forge Works, through an open and public process, entered into an agreement for a land exchange in 2005 that allowed for better land use for both City and company.

The Paramount City Council held a public hearing to vacate the portion of Adams Street south of Somerset Boulevard and between Colorado Avenue and Vermont Avenue. Because Carlton Forge Works owned the land on both sides of the area that would be vacated, it was determined that this portion of Adams Street was not useful to the public for street access. Carlton Forge Works would then be able to convert the vacated area into a parking lot for its employees, thus removing cars from taking up street parking in the surrounding neighborhood.

In exchange, Carlton Forge Works gave the City a piece of property on Vermont Avenue, which the City used to create a vital element of water infrastructure that to this day helps ensure a safe and reliable supply of water to Paramount residents.

(As a side note, the City consistently tests its water supply, the results of which show that Paramount’s water meets all federal and state standards. In fact, the City has actually increased the frequency of testing over and above federal and state standards. Test results are available here: https://paramountenvironment.org/hexavalent-chromium-test-results/)

To view the staff report from the City Council meeting, please click/tap here.

To view the City Council meeting minutes, please click/tap here.

FACT:

Tetra Tech provided the following response to the City regarding this accusation:

“Tetra Tech has never been tried or convicted of falsifying soil samples. The allegations made on recent newscasts are unsubstantiated and there is no evidence to support the accusations.

“When sample results at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard appeared not to be representative at the site, Tetra Tech immediately investigated and reported its findings and corrective actions to the Navy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission. No restriction, suspension or qualification of any license, certification, or registration occurred, and Tetra Tech’s NRC Radioactive Material License is in full good standing.”

FACT:

According to the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), the sample for Site #19 on May 1st was not collected: it was used for an off-schedule sample that was collected on May 3rd. Due to the off-schedule sample on May 3rd, the typical May 4th sample was not collected. The normal schedule for sampling will resume on May 7th. SCAQMD is preparing another sampler so they do not have to alter the schedule for Site #19 to collect on off-schedule sample in the future.

Additionally, the portable City samplers should not have been marked on the ambient data spreadsheet. They will be removed, as the City monitor would not have been at Site #19 after the initial sample. The portable samplers are being implemented into the rotation of SCAQMD samplers. The agency will clarify this on their Expanded Monitoring Data and Map spreadsheet.

FACT:

The City of Paramount has its water tested by independent labs on a regular basis to make sure there are no impurities or dangerous levels of contaminants in the supply delivered to consumers. One component that is looked at monthly is the presence of arsenic.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established a maximum contamination level (MCL) for arsenic of 10 ppb. Amounts of the chemical above this are considered unsafe for drinking, while levels below are considered safe.

In its raw, naturally occurring state, the water pumped from the ground at Well #13 does, on average, have an amount of arsenic that exceeds the EPA’s maximum contamination level. However, that water is treated and cleansed – like all water in the Paramount system – so what residents receive has insignificant traces of arsenic well within the safe levels as determined by the EPA.

The State of California checks on the quality of Paramount’s water. If they found unsafe levels or any chemical, including arsenic, they would shut our water utility down.

That has never happened in Paramount.

It was recently posted on social media that Paramount’s water exceeded the MCL for arsenic in 2008 and 2009 as described in the City’s Consumer Confidence Reports for those years. That posting chose to ignore a footnote in the CCR that stated: “While your drinking water meets the federal and state standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic. … For this well system, the filtration treatment technique is used to remove arsenic and manganese from the water prior to distribution. Water after treatment is in compliance and below the MCL.”

One of the City’s most important and serious duties is providing safe, clean water to its residents. That will never change; Paramount’s water has always been, and will continue to be, completely safe for any use.

FACT:

The raw, untreated water at Well 13 does register levels of arsenic that border or exceed the EPA’s MCL for the compound. However, the water produced at Well 13 goes through the water treatment plant located at this well. This process removes arsenic, along with manganese, to meet all State and Federal Drinking Water Standards, as stated in the City’s Water Consumer Report. Further, the water is disinfected through chlorination, which is the case for all water either produced by the City’s water utility or is imported through the Metropolitan Water District.

FACT:

There is a provision in the State Health and Safety Code that confirms the authority and function of South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) with respect to air quality regulation, but also purports to allow any regulated agency within the SCAQMD to apply stricter air quality regulations than SCAQMD; provided those regulations are not in conflict with SCAQMD regulations.

The provision falls under section 40449 and reads as follows:

§ 40449. Cities or counties; adoption of ordinances stricter than district rules and regulations; assistance of district
(a) No provision of this chapter is a limitation on the power of any city or county included, in whole or in part, within the south coast district to adopt any ordinance with respect to air pollution control which is stricter than the rules and regulations adopted by the south coast district board and not in conflict therewith. The south coast district board shall enforce any such ordinance.
(b) At the request of the governing body of any city or county included, in whole or in part, within the south coast district, the south coast district board may make available, on a temporary basis, the necessary personnel, equipment, and services to assist in adopting any ordinance stricter than the rules and regulations adopted by the south coast district.

The Paramount City Attorney inquired of other city attorneys representing cities within the SCAQMD and found that this section of state law has not been implemented in other cities. In addition, the City has asked both TetraTech – one of the largest environmental consulting firms in the world and SCAQMD – the most advanced and knowledgeable air quality agency in the world – to find out whether other cities have used this authority. Neither could identify a city or county that has used this provision to develop their own air quality regulations.

The City has consulted with its environmental consultants, TetraTech, about their opinion of the City adopting more stringent standards than SCAQMD, and they have raised a number concerns for the City to consider. First, no matter what standards are developed for air quality, the City must be prepared to not only establish scientific data to support that standard, but also successfully defend the data in the event the data is challenged as being arbitrary. Science is costly. Lawsuits are costly. If the City creates an arbitrarily low standard that is not supported by scientific data, the City risks costly litigation as well as the City having to pay for attorney’s fees of the other party should it lose. As a City, Paramount lacks the experience, expertise and long term resources to regulate air quality as effectively as SCAQMD does.

Creating regulations supported with sound scientific data is an area where SCAQMD has clear advantages. Consider a comparison of the staff size and budget of SCAQMD with 813 staff and $141M budget to the City of Paramount’s 91 staff and a $43M budget, Paramount is dwarfed by SCAQMD’s budget and expertise. Consider also that SCAQMD has scientists, attorneys and engineers who only focus on air quality.

FACT:

City council members and city staff have attended nearly every meeting held by SCAQMD in relation to air quality concerns in the City since the first town hall meeting on the matter in 2016. Meetings that have had council members or city staff representation include:

• SCAQMD Town Hall Meeting on August 16, 2016
• 2nd Working Group & Public Consultation Meeting for Proposed Rule 1430 on September 14, 2016
• 3rd Working Group & Public Consultation Meeting for Proposed Rule 1430 on October 26, 2016
• SCAQMD Town Hall Meeting on November 9, 2016
• 4th Working Group & Public Consultation Meeting for Proposed Rule 1430 on December 1, 2016
• SCAQMD Regular Governing Board Meeting December 2, 2016
• SCAQMD Town Hall Meeting on December 12, 2016
• SCAQMD Hearing Board Meeting on December 14, 2016
• SCAQMD Hearing Board Meeting (on Aerocraft/Anaplex) on December 16, 2016
• County of Los Angeles Board of Supervisors Meeting on December 20, 2016
• SCAQMD Continued Hearing Board Meeting (on Anaplex) on January 10, 2017
• 5th Working Group & Public Consultation Meeting for Proposed Rule 1430 on January 11, 2017
• Public Workshop for Rule 1430 on January 19, 2017
• Public Consultation Meeting for Proposed Rule 1430 on January 25, 2017
• 6th Working Group & Public Consultation Meeting for Proposed Rule 1430 on February 1, 2017
• SCAQMD Hearing Board Meeting on February 2, 2017

FACT:

The City does not have jurisdiction over the Paramount Unified School District (PUSD). The District is its own legal entity with its own controls and authority. Further, school district lands across California are subject to control and oversight of the State of California, Division of State Architect and not the City. The City does not have authority to require or dictate how and what the Paramount Unified School District does with their land or buildings.

The City has encouraged SCAQMD to install air monitors at the schools in Paramount Unified School District, and the Schools have allowed that to happen. The monitors will be eventually used at each campus to test the air. Results of the testing can be found on the SCAQMD website here.

Further, a PUSD representative is participating in the Air Quality Sub Committee and providing perspective and insights from PUSD.

FACT:

The City of Paramount does not issue permits specific to metal businesses. The City issues business licenses as part of its normal business licensing process. The City’s business issuance process for new businesses includes a self-identification process for the business to review their requirements to seek air quality permits from the SCAQMD. Businesses that self-identify as requiring SCAQMD permits must then contact SCAQMD to apply for those permits. The City is reviewing this process with SCAQMD to determine methods more effective than self-identification. Any new process will apply to new business license applicants. Also, it should be noted that the two businesses that have been identified by SCAQMD as the main sources of high hexavalent chromium emissions have had air quality permits from the SCAQMD for a several years.

While business licensing is a tool that can be leveraged to engage more SCAQMD oversight, the City’s land use policy determines whether the type of business is even acceptable on the property on which it will operate. Hence, a business that seeks to operate a metal-related business in the City’s M-2 manufacturing zone has a right to open that business under current land use rules in the City. The City does not limit a specific number of businesses that are metal-related in the City.

Update 9/14/17: In June 2017, the City of Paramount launched a pilot program to enhance air quality compliance in the city by submitting selected business license applications and business license renewals to the SCAQMD. The pilot program, the first of its kind in the SCAQMD territory, is a significant expansion over the existing review process that SCAQMD provides to cities.

Under the pilot program, specified categories of businesses (those that could potentially require an air quality permit) need to show proof that they have been cleared to do business by SCAQMD to receive City approval. Then, in those same categories, the City will deliver renewal applications to SCAQMD for the District’s review and determination if the business needs a new or modified SCAQMD permit.

FACT:

The City has implemented a moratorium on the addition or expansion of metal-related businesses since the City learned about the elevated hexavalent chromium levels found by the the SCAQMD. The City has already denied requests for new or expanding metal-related businesses since the moratorium was put in place. The moratorium was set for an initial 45 day period and expiration on January 24th. The Council extended the moratorium an additional six months and may extend the moratorium up to a total of two years. Certain exceptions in the extended moratorium allow for improvements at existing businesses that will enhance air quality or are non-production related improvements (examples: security, employee break areas, parking lot improvements).

FACT:

The City of Paramount was approached by the Department of Toxic Substances (DTSC) in 2013 to execute soil testing in Village Park. The City, at the direction of the prior city manager, asked the DTSC to first test across the street (in a parkway at the southwest corner of Illinois/Somerset) where the work would be less intrusive than inside the park. The City further instructed DTSC that, should the soil sample be contaminated, the City would work with DTSC to access Village Park for further testing. The City never heard back from DTSC. In 2015, DTSC subsequently requested to test the soil in Village Park and the City agreed to work with DTSC, but first requested that DTSC provide a plan of when, how and who would do the testing, including outlining ownership of any damage done during the testing. The City never heard from DTSC until the issue re-surfaced again at a community meeting in November of 2016. At this meeting, the City immediately agreed to conduct soil testing.

FACT:

Following state and federal guidelines, the City began testing for hexavalent chromium in 2014 and reported the results in the 2014 Consumer Confidence Report available here. To address concerns that hexavalent chromium had contaminated the City’s water supply the City had the water tested again in December 2016 and the presence of hexavalent chromium levels were less than 1 part per billion, a level that is considered healthy. Further, the City has committed to continued testing of hexavalent chromium in the water supply every month for the foreseeable future. The monthly results can be found on the Hexavalent Chromium Test Results page.

True and False.

Previous testing of soil near Carlton Forge Works in 2014 found concerning levels of various metals and chemicals. Further testing was then conducted in partnership with the Department of Toxic Substances Control and LA County Department of Public Health in 2017. These test results did not find soil contamination. This map shows where soil was sampled in the most recent tests: https://paramountenvironment.org/soil-testing-map/. The process and results of this testing can be found here: https://paramountenvironment.org/soil-reports-test-results/

True and False.
Hexavalent Chromium levels have dropped off significantly since the AQMD established a network of air monitors and started taking enforcement actions on identified pollution sources in 2016. Extensive data about this progress can be read and seen here: https://paramountenvironment.org/aqmd-updates-paramount-air-monitoring-plan/
Data fluctuates on Hexavalent Chromium emissions, and there were some temporary increased levels detected in May 2019; those levels quickly fell off again. All the data from AQMD can be found here: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/compliance/Paramount/expanded-monitoring-data-and-map.pdf?sfvrsn=1246
While the long-term trend is a dramatic reduction in Hexavalent Chromium emissions-detection levels, the City has actively pushed for sustained and ongoing monitoring to ensure public health – including applying for community monitoring under the AQMD’s AB 617 program. This is one reason that the City purchased air monitors and placed them in key locations at the direction of AQMD, so City monitors can sustain monitoring well into the future.

Air Quality officials required Carlton Forge to install new enhanced filtration systems and raise the stacks on certain buildings in order to properly disperse pollutants higher into the atmosphere to minimize impacts at ground level. This is a standard best practice adopted by the industry and supported by air quality regulators. Proper dispersion of pollutants results in a reduction of pollution density. Additionally, specific to Hexavalent Chromium pollution, monitor location 25 is located at Lincoln School and has had some of the consistently lowest Hexavalent Chromium levels detected in the monitoring by AQMD. Since February 2017 when that location started to be monitored, the average ng/m³ had been 0.33 and for the period of January 1, 2019 through July 23, 2019 – a period in which levels were measured after action was taken by AQMD to mitigate Hexavalent Chromium emissions – the average is 0.21 ng/m³ at the monitor near Lincoln School. Hexavalent Chromium monitoring continues to take place at Lincoln School every 6 days. For monitoring data, see this link: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/compliance/Paramount/expanded-monitoring-data-and-map.pdf?sfvrsn=37 and locate test data for monitor #25

False.
No public health studies have been conducted that indicate an elevated level of risk for Paramount youth. As such, any claims made to that effect are made without evidence. Due to privacy restrictions,Paramount Unified School District has limited access to comprehensive information about the health of its students. However, the District’s nursing and site staff are provided information about the medical needs of their children by the children’s parents. Based upon the information reported by these District professionals, there have been two cases of students with cancer identified by the District, one of them with leukemia.
For additional information, the District had published significant information on hexavalent chromium and their school facilities here: https://www.paramount.k12.ca.us/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=805453&type=d&pREC_ID=1193695

That information is protected by privacy laws, so the Paramount Unified School District does not have comprehensive data on respiratory or other health issues of its students. Privacy restrictions also limit the comprehensive knowledge of any other organization or person who claims to have broad information about the health status of students at District schools. However, based on observations from nursing professionals who work at PUSD schools, there has been no notable abnormal presence of bloody noses or fatigue among students. For additional information, the District had published significant information on hexavalent chromium and their school facilities here: https://www.paramount.k12.ca.us/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=805453&type=d&pREC_ID=1193695